7th Chord: A chord that includes a triad plus an additional note forming an interval of a seventh above the chord’s root. It adds complexity and tension, enriching harmonic progressions.

Context and Significance

The 7th chord is pivotal in various musical genres, including jazz, blues, and classical music. This chord type introduces tension and resolution, which are crucial for creating dynamic musical narratives. In jazz, 7th chords are fundamental, forming the backbone of many progressions, such as the ii-V-I sequence. Classical composers often use 7th chords to add depth and emotional nuance to their compositions. Guitarists and pianists frequently employ these chords to enrich harmonic textures and enhance the expressiveness of their performances.

Historical Background

The 7th chord’s usage dates back to the Baroque period when composers began exploring more complex harmonic structures. The evolution of harmony during this era saw the integration of 7th chords into the broader musical vocabulary, leading to their widespread adoption in the Classical and Romantic periods. Composers like Bach and Mozart utilized these chords to heighten musical tension and drive their compositions forward. The 20th century witnessed a further expansion of 7th chord applications, particularly in jazz, where they became a defining feature of the genre’s harmonic language.

Examples

In Duke Ellington’s “Take the A Train,” 7th chords provide the harmonic foundation, adding richness and sophistication to the piece. Beethoven’s late string quartets frequently employ 7th chords to create tension and emotional depth. Jazz legends like Miles Davis and John Coltrane have extensively used 7th chords in their improvisations, showcasing the chord’s versatility and expressive power. These examples illustrate the 7th chord’s integral role in shaping the sound and emotional impact of diverse musical styles.

Related Terms

Triad: A basic three-note chord forming the foundation of harmony.

Dominant 7th: A specific type of 7th chord often used to resolve to the tonic.

Ninth Chord: An extension of the 7th chord adding the ninth interval.

Altered Chord: A chord with one or more pitches modified to create dissonance.

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