Altered Dominant: A dominant chord that includes altered notes, typically the fifth and ninth, adding tension and color to harmonic progressions.
Context and Significance
In jazz music, the altered dominant chord is a key element that adds complexity and intrigue to compositions. It is primarily used in jazz to create tension before resolving to a tonic or a consonant chord. This chord type is prevalent in improvisation, allowing musicians to explore rich and unexpected harmonic territories. Instruments like the piano and guitar often feature altered dominants due to their ability to voice the full range of altered notes effectively.
Historical Background
The concept of altered dominants emerged during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, coinciding with the evolution of jazz. As musicians sought to expand the harmonic language beyond traditional Western music, altered dominants became a hallmark of modern jazz. They were popularized by jazz greats such as Charlie Parker and John Coltrane, who used them to push the boundaries of conventional chord progressions.
Examples
Altered dominant chords are frequently found in jazz standards. For example, in Thelonious Monk’s “Round Midnight,” altered dominants create a sense of tension and release, driving the tune’s haunting melody. Similarly, John Coltrane’s “Giant Steps” employs these chords to navigate complex changes, challenging musicians to master their use in improvisation. These examples highlight the chord’s role in creating dynamic and expressive musical phrases.
Related Terms
– Chromaticism: The use of notes outside the standard scale to add color.
– Modulation: Shifting from one key to another within a composition.
– Blue Notes: Notes that are slightly lowered in pitch, adding a bluesy feel.