Col Legno: A unique bowing technique for string instruments where the wooden part of the bow is used to strike the strings, producing a percussive sound.
Context and Significance
Col legno adds a distinctive, percussive texture to compositions, often used to evoke tension or mimic non-musical sounds. It is commonly found in orchestral music, particularly in the works of composers looking to explore unique sonic landscapes. String sections in symphonies or film scores might employ this technique to add depth and variety to the auditory experience.
Historical Background
The term “col legno” originates from the Italian phrase meaning “with the wood.” While its exact origins are unclear, it gained prominence during the Romantic period when composers like Hector Berlioz began experimenting with orchestral timbres. It has since become a staple in modern classical music, valued for its ability to expand the expressive capabilities of string instruments.
Examples
One notable example of col legno is in Gustav Holst’s “The Planets,” where it is used to create an otherworldly atmosphere. Dmitri Shostakovich also employed this technique in his symphonies to heighten dramatic tension. These examples illustrate the technique’s versatility in enhancing the narrative of a piece.
Related Terms
Pizzicato: Plucking the strings with fingers instead of using the bow.
Spiccato: A bowing technique where the bow bounces lightly on the strings.
Ricochet: A bowing technique where the bow is dropped on the strings to produce a series of fast notes.