Consecutive Fifths: A sequence in music where two voices or parts move in parallel motion, maintaining an interval of a perfect fifth between them.
Context and Significance
Consecutive fifths are significant in music theory, particularly in the context of voice leading and harmony. In classical music composition, consecutive fifths are often avoided due to their tendency to create a hollow sound, lacking in harmonic variety. This practice is especially emphasized in choral and orchestral arrangements, where texture and voice independence are crucial.
Historical Background
The prohibition of consecutive fifths dates back to the Renaissance period, where music theorists established rules for counterpoint. These rules aimed to ensure smooth voice leading and harmonic richness, which consecutive fifths often disrupt. During the Baroque era, the avoidance of consecutive fifths became a standard practice in formal music education, persisting into modern classical music composition.
Examples
In traditional Western music, composers like Johann Sebastian Bach and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart meticulously avoided consecutive fifths in their counterpoint compositions. For instance, in Bach’s chorales, the independence of each voice is maintained by steering clear of parallel fifths, ensuring each part contributes uniquely to the harmonic structure.
Related Terms
Parallel Motion: Movement of two or more parts in the same direction, maintaining the same interval.
Counterpoint: The art of combining distinct melodic lines in a musical composition.
Voice Leading: The smooth movement of notes from one chord to another.