Dominant Function: In music theory, the dominant function describes the role of the fifth scale degree (V) chord, creating tension that typically resolves to the tonic (I) chord, establishing a sense of completion.
Context and Significance
The dominant function holds a pivotal role in Western music, acting as a bridge that heightens tension before resolving to the tonic. This function is most commonly utilized in classical compositions but is also integral in jazz, pop, and rock genres. Musicians frequently employ dominant chords to craft dynamic transitions and emphasize cadences within a piece. The power of the dominant function lies in its ability to drive harmonic progression, offering composers and performers a tool to manipulate musical narrative and listener expectation.
Historical Background
The concept of the dominant function evolved during the Baroque period when harmonic frameworks became more defined. The prominence of the V-I progression was established as composers like J.S. Bach and Handel explored the tension and release inherent in harmonic structures. This period cemented the dominant function as a cornerstone of tonal harmony. Over time, its use expanded across musical styles, becoming a fundamental element in the evolution of Western music theory.
Examples
Composers such as Ludwig van Beethoven and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart frequently utilized the dominant function to punctuate their musical narratives. In Beethoven’s Symphony No. 5, the dominant chord plays a crucial role in establishing the dramatic tension that characterizes the work. Similarly, in jazz, artists like Duke Ellington use dominant chords to create compelling improvisational frameworks, showcasing their significance beyond classical contexts.
Related Terms
Tonic: The home chord, often resolving tension created by the dominant.
Subdominant: The fourth scale degree chord, often leading to the dominant.
Cadence: A sequence of chords that concludes a musical phrase, often featuring the dominant function.
« Back to Glossary Index