Frottola: A popular Italian secular song form from the late 15th and early 16th centuries, characterized by simple, homophonic textures and catchy melodies, often accompanied by lute or keyboard.

Context and Significance

The frottola held significant importance during the Renaissance as a precursor to the madrigal. It was primarily performed in the courts of northern Italy, serving as entertainment for the nobility. The frottola’s straightforward structure and relatable themes made it accessible and popular among amateur musicians. Its emphasis on melody and textual clarity marked a shift from the complex polyphony of earlier periods, influencing the development of later musical styles.

Historical Background

Originating in Italy around the late 15th century, the frottola emerged as a response to the intricate polyphonic music of the Middle Ages. It flourished in the courts of Ferrara and Mantua, where composers like Bartolomeo Tromboncino and Marchetto Cara became prominent figures. The frottola remained popular until the rise of the madrigal in the 16th century, which built upon its harmonic simplicity and expressive potential.

Examples

The frottola’s influence is evident in the works of composers such as Bartolomeo Tromboncino, whose pieces like “Non val aqua” exemplify the style’s charm and directness. Marchetto Cara’s “Hor venduto ho la speranza” is another notable frottola, showcasing the genre’s melodic appeal and rhythmic vitality. These songs were often performed with lute accompaniment, highlighting the frottola’s role in chamber music settings.

Related Terms

Madrigal: A more complex vocal music form that succeeded the frottola.

Villancico: A Spanish song form similar to the frottola.

Chanson: A French counterpart to the frottola, featuring secular themes.

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