Harmonic Function: A concept in music theory that describes the role of chords within a tonal context, such as tonic, dominant, or subdominant, helping to establish and resolve musical tension.
Context and Significance
Harmonic function is pivotal in creating a sense of progression and resolution within music. It dictates how chords interact, leading listeners through the narrative of the piece. Predominantly used in classical, jazz, and popular music, harmonic function provides the framework for understanding chord relationships and progressions. Instruments like the piano and guitar often exploit these functions to craft intricate harmonies and drive the music forward, making it an essential tool for composers and performers alike.
Historical Background
The concept of harmonic function emerged in the Baroque era when tonal harmony became dominant in Western music. It was formalized in the 18th century by theorists like Jean-Philippe Rameau, who articulated the roles of tonic, dominant, and subdominant chords. This framework has been fundamental in Western music ever since, guiding composers in structuring progressions and developing harmonic language.
Examples
Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony exemplifies the use of harmonic function, particularly the interplay between dominant and tonic chords, creating dramatic tension and release. In jazz, musicians like Miles Davis often manipulate harmonic function to add complexity and depth to their improvisations. These applications demonstrate harmonic function’s versatility across various musical styles.
Related Terms
Tonic: The central chord in a key, providing a sense of resolution.
Dominant: A chord that creates tension, often resolving to the tonic.
Subdominant: A chord that sets up the dominant, adding movement within progressions.
Cadence: A sequence of chords that concludes a phrase, often defined by harmonic function.