Leading Note: In music, the leading note is the seventh degree of the diatonic scale, situated a half step below the tonic, creating a strong sense of resolution when ascending to the tonic.

Context and Significance

The leading note plays a pivotal role in Western music theory, especially in tonal music. Its position, just a half step below the tonic, creates a tension that naturally resolves to the tonic, providing a sense of closure and satisfaction. This concept is particularly prevalent in classical and romantic compositions, where the leading note often appears in cadences. It is also significant in jazz and popular music, aiding in creating melodic direction and emotional impact, making it an essential tool for composers and performers alike.

Historical Background

The concept of the leading note, or “leading tone,” has roots in the development of Western tonal harmony, dating back to the Renaissance and Baroque periods. It became formalized as music evolved from modal to tonal systems, where the resolution of the leading note to the tonic became a foundational principle. Composers like J.S. Bach and Mozart utilized the leading note extensively to reinforce harmonic progressions, shaping the musical language of their time.

Examples

In J.S. Bach’s “Prelude in C Major” from The Well-Tempered Clavier, the leading note frequently resolves to the tonic, creating a sense of forward motion and resolution. Similarly, in Beethoven’s “Symphony No. 5,” the leading note is a critical element in building tension and release within the famous opening motif. These examples demonstrate the leading note’s ability to guide listeners through the harmonic landscape of a piece.

Related Terms

Tonic: The first and central note of a scale, providing a sense of home.

Subdominant: The fourth scale degree, often leading to the dominant.

Dominant: The fifth scale degree, creating tension that resolves to the tonic.

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