Spiccato: A bowing technique in string playing where the bow bounces lightly upon the strings to produce short, detached notes.

Context and Significance

Spiccato holds a significant place in classical music, particularly in orchestral and solo string performances. It allows for a distinctive articulation that brings clarity and brilliance to fast passages. This technique is commonly employed in string instruments such as violins, violas, cellos, and double basses. Musicians use spiccato to achieve a lively, rhythmic quality that enlivens dance movements in suites or adds emphasis to energetic sections within a piece.

Historical Background

The term “spiccato” comes from the Italian word for “separated.” Its usage became prominent during the Classical period, as composers like Mozart and Haydn sought to explore and express a wider range of articulations in their compositions. The development of the modern bow in the 18th century also facilitated the execution of spiccato, enabling players to produce the bouncing effect with greater precision and ease.

Examples

Spiccato is showcased in many classical works. In Beethoven’s “Symphony No. 7,” the second movement utilizes spiccato to create a dance-like feel. Similarly, the well-known “Flight of the Bumblebee” by Rimsky-Korsakov features rapid spiccato passages that mimic the buzzing of a bee. Violin virtuosos such as Itzhak Perlman have demonstrated mastery of this technique in their performances, bringing spiccato to life with remarkable clarity and speed.

Related Terms

Staccato: A technique producing short, detached notes.

Legato: Opposite of spiccato; notes played smoothly and connected.

Martelé: A sharp, hammered bow stroke for emphasis.

« Back to Glossary Index