Tritone Substitution: A technique in music theory where one chord is replaced by another chord a tritone away, commonly used to add harmonic complexity.

Context and Significance

Tritone substitution is a fundamental concept in jazz harmony, adding a layer of sophistication and unexpected twists in musical progressions. It is most frequently used in jazz, blues, and some modern classical compositions to create tension and resolution in a piece. By substituting the dominant chord with a chord a tritone away, musicians can achieve smoother voice leading and create more engaging harmonies, enriching the overall auditory experience.

Historical Background

The technique of tritone substitution gained prominence in the jazz era of the mid-20th century. Its roots, however, can be traced back to classical music, where composers experimented with chromaticism and altered chords. Jazz musicians like Charlie Parker and Miles Davis popularized this method, integrating it into their improvisational styles and compositions, thus cementing its role in modern music theory.

Examples

In a typical ii-V-I progression in C major, the G7 chord (V) can be substituted with a Db7 chord, which is a tritone away. This substitution is heard in countless jazz standards, such as John Coltrane’s “Giant Steps”, where tritone substitutions create unexpected harmonic shifts. Pianists like Bill Evans have also utilized this technique to enrich their harmonies and solos, demonstrating its versatility and wide application.

Related Terms

Altered Chords: Chords with one or more notes raised or lowered.

Chromaticism: Use of notes outside the standard scale of a piece.

Dominant Chord: The fifth scale degree chord, leading to resolution.

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